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Methods for Determining the Health of UPS Batteries
Release time:
2019-02-20
There are specialized battery testers available for determining the condition of batteries; however, most ordinary users rarely have such instruments and typically rely only on a multimeter. Below are some summarized guidelines for assessing battery health during maintenance, for your reference: 01. Visual Inspection: Examine the battery’s exterior for signs of deformation, bulging, leakage, cracks or ruptures, burning, or oxidation buildup around the screw connections. 02. Load Testing: If the battery’s exterior appears normal, set the UPS to battery mode and connect a certain load. If the discharge time is significantly shorter than the battery’s normal discharge duration, and after charging for 8 hours the battery still fails to regain its usual backup runtime, it can be concluded that the battery has aged.
There are specialized battery testers available for determining the condition of batteries; however, most ordinary users rarely have such instruments and typically rely only on a multimeter. Below are some summarized guidelines for assessing battery health during repairs, for your reference.
01. Assess based on appearance: Observe whether the exterior shows any signs of deformation, bulging, leakage, cracking or bursting, burning, or oxidation deposits around the screw connections.
02. Load Testing: If the UPS shows no external abnormalities and is operating in battery mode under a certain load, but its discharge time is significantly shorter than the normal discharge time, and after charging for 8 hours it still fails to recover its normal backup duration, the battery should be considered aged.
03. Measure with a multimeter:
A. Measurement under battery discharge mode: Measure the terminal voltage of each cell in the battery pack. If the terminal voltage of one or more cells is significantly higher or lower than the nominal voltage (nominal voltage: 12V per cell), the battery is considered aged.
B. Measurement in mains power mode: Measure the charging voltage at the terminals of each battery in the battery pack. If the charging voltage of one or more batteries is significantly higher or lower than that of the others, the battery is considered to be aged.
C. Measure the total voltage of the battery pack: If the battery pack’s total voltage is significantly lower than its nominal value (taking the C1K battery pack as an example, where the nominal value is 36V), and even after charging for 8 hours it still fails to return to its normal value—if it does manage to return to normal, its discharge time still falls short of the normal discharge duration—then the battery can be judged as aged.
D. Battery Voltage Measurement Upon Power-On: Do not turn on the UPS, nor connect it to mains power. First, use a multimeter to measure the total voltage of the battery pack. Taking C1K as an example, the voltage at this stage may be between 36V and 40V, which is within the normal range. Keep the multimeter probes connected and continuously monitor the multimeter’s reading. Then, press the power-on button. If, at this moment, the total battery voltage immediately drops below 30V—or even down to just a few volts—the UPS will immediately shut down automatically. After shutdown, the power will be cut off.
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