Confirm
null

Screen
Selected
Logistics Cold Storage Construction

隐藏域元素占位

A logistics cold storage facility—also known as a refrigerated warehouse—is a storage space that utilizes cooling equipment to maintain optimal humidity and low-temperature conditions. It serves as a crucial location for processing and storing agricultural and livestock products. By shielding these products from climatic influences, such facilities extend their shelf life and help stabilize market supply. In response to the ongoing development and construction of logistics cold storage facilities, Haoshuang Refrigeration offers tailored refrigeration solutions based on clients’ actual operational needs, combining theoretical knowledge with practical experience and years of expertise. This approach not only helps clients minimize investment costs but also delivers significant economic benefits. Logistics Cold Storage Construction Steps: 1. Site Selection Logistics cold storage facilities are typically located in areas with affordable land prices and relatively convenient transportation, aligned with the company’s growth plans. The site should be situated away from sources of severe pollution. The ground surface must be level, firm, dry, and generally made of concrete. The warehouse entrance should face away from prevailing winds; ideally, the door should open toward the east and be positioned far from any pollution sources. The floor elevation should be higher than the surrounding ground level to prevent water from entering the facility during rainy days. It is essential to consider factors such as convenient transportation and proximity to markets. Ideally, the cold storage facility should be built in a cool, shaded area free from frequent hot air currents. The surrounding area should have excellent drainage capabilities, with a low groundwater table. The facility’s foundation must include an insulating layer to maintain thermal efficiency, while ensuring good ventilation and dryness—a critical factor for preserving the cold storage environment. Additionally, prior to construction, the appropriate three-phase electrical system should be installed according to the capacity of the refrigeration units. 2. Calculation of Capacity and Area Logistics cold storage facilities are generally constructed in locations with affordable land and convenient transportation, matching the company’s growth trajectory. The site should be free from heavy pollution sources, and the ground surface must be level, firm, dry, and typically made of concrete. The warehouse entrance should face away from prevailing winds, ideally opening toward the east and positioned away from pollution sources. The floor elevation should be higher than the surrounding ground level to prevent water ingress during rainy days. Regarding the volume coefficient: Some goods are stacked tightly, while others are stored directly in multiple layers without racks, with items piled directly on top of each other. Although this stacking method allows for maximum utilization of space, it takes longer for the center temperature of the goods to reach the required cooling level, thus prolonging the operating time of the refrigeration equipment and increasing electricity consumption. By contrast, using racking systems and organizing goods more efficiently can significantly enhance energy savings and reduce operational costs. For large-scale cold storage facilities, it is recommended to make rational use of racking systems, leaving adequate airflow channels. Proper placement of goods relative to the cold-air ducts ensures smooth air circulation, making it easier to maintain uniform temperatures throughout the facility.

Construction of Controlled Atmosphere Fresh-Keeping Cold Storage Facilities

隐藏域元素占位

Modified Atmosphere Storage Cold Room—also known as Modified Atmosphere Storage—is currently the most advanced method for preserving fruits and vegetables. Building on conventional refrigeration, this method introduces controlled gas composition adjustments. By precisely regulating environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, and ethylene levels, it inhibits the respiration of fruits and vegetables, slows down their metabolic processes, and better maintains their freshness and commercial quality, thereby extending both their storage life and shelf life. Typically, modified atmosphere storage can extend the storage period by 0.5 to 1 times compared to ordinary refrigeration. Fruits and vegetables stored in a modified atmosphere chamber, upon removal from the chamber, first "wake up" from their dormant state, which extends their post-harvest shelf life (shelf life) by 21 to 28 days—three to four times longer than in ordinary refrigerated storage. Table of Contents: 1. Overview of Modified Atmosphere Storage Technology—Basic Introduction Traditional methods for preserving fruits and vegetables include simple storage, ventilated storage, radiation preservation, chemical preservation, and cold storage. Simple storage and ventilated storage are easy to set up and require low investment, but they offer poor preservation results, short storage periods, and significant spoilage losses. Radiation and chemical preservation have some applicability for certain fruits, but they leave residual radiation and chemical contamination, making them unsuitable for all types of produce. Modified atmosphere storage, under appropriate low-temperature conditions, maximizes the creation of an optimal environment for fruit and vegetable preservation by adjusting the gas composition and relative humidity of the storage environment. Its effects are evident in the following aspects: The low-oxygen environment created by modified atmosphere storage—typically with an O2 content of 1%–5%—and the appropriate CO2 concentration effectively inhibit respiration, reducing nutrient loss in fruits and vegetables while also suppressing the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and controlling certain physiological disorders. It removes ethylene from the storage environment, thus inhibiting its ripening effect on fruits and vegetables and delaying post-harvest ripening and aging. Increasing the relative humidity of the storage environment reduces transpiration in fruits and vegetables, achieving long-term preservation and freshness. Characteristics of Fruits and Vegetables Stored Using Modified Atmosphere Storage: (1) They retain their original shape, color, and aroma exceptionally well; (2) Fruit firmness is higher than in ordinary refrigerated storage; (3) Storage duration is extended; (4) Fruit decay rate and natural weight loss (water loss rate) are significantly lower; (5) Shelf life is prolonged. Due to the prolonged exposure of fruits and vegetables to low O2 and high CO2, even after the modified atmosphere condition is released, they still experience a “lag effect” or dormant period for a considerable time; (6) Suitable for long-distance transportation and export. Fruit and vegetable quality is markedly improved, creating favorable conditions for export and distribution; (7) Many fruits and vegetables can achieve year-round supply, enabling seasonal production and year-round sales, yielding excellent social and economic benefits. Components of a Modified Atmosphere Storage Chamber: A typical modified atmosphere storage chamber consists of an airtight chamber body, a modified atmosphere system, a refrigeration system, a humidification system, a pressure-balancing system, and an automatic control system for monitoring and regulating temperature, humidity, O2, and CO2 levels. Features of a Modified Atmosphere Storage Chamber: According to the requirements of modified atmosphere storage technology, these chambers not only possess the refrigeration function of conventional cold storage but also have unique structural and operational characteristics. 1) Airtightness: This is the most significant structural difference between a modified atmosphere chamber and a conventional cold storage chamber. It requires not only thermal insulation of the enclosure structure to minimize external influences on chamber temperature but also a highly sealed enclosure to reduce gas exchange between inside and outside the chamber, maintaining relatively stable gas composition within the chamber. 2) Safety: This is a requirement that accompanies airtightness. During cooling, warming, and the modified atmosphere process, temperature and pressure changes within the chamber create pressure differences across the enclosure walls. If these pressure differences are not promptly eliminated or kept within a certain range, they could damage the chamber structure. Ensuring both airtightness and safety is another distinctive feature of modified atmosphere chambers. 3) High interior space: Modern single-story modified atmosphere chambers are almost always single-story buildings with high interior spaces. This unique architectural form is developed based on the premises of airtightness and safety. 4) Fast loading and unloading: This is another major feature of using and managing modified atmosphere chambers. Fast loading refers to the requirement that goods be placed into the chamber as quickly as possible so they can enter the modified atmosphere storage state early. Once storage is complete, goods should ideally be unloaded within a short period, avoiding prolonged retention in the modified atmosphere state to ensure rapid establishment of the desired conditions. 5) High-density stacking: This is yet another important management feature. Except for necessary inspection aisles, goods should be stacked as densely as possible within the chamber, minimizing empty spaces and reducing the volume of gas treatment required, speeding up the modified atmosphere process, shortening the duration of the process, and ensuring early establishment of the desired conditions. 2. Chamber Body of a Modified Atmosphere Storage Chamber The chamber body of a modified atmosphere storage chamber must not only provide good thermal insulation to minimize external heat’s impact on chamber temperature but, more importantly, must have excellent airtightness to reduce or eliminate the influence of outside air on the chamber’s gas composition, ensuring fast and stable adjustment of gas composition, thereby improving storage quality and reducing storage costs. The chamber body mainly consists of an airtight layer and an insulating layer. Modified atmosphere storage chambers can be classified into three types according to their construction: prefabricated, brick-concrete, and jacketed. Prefabricated modified atmosphere chambers use color-coated polyurethane sandwich panels assembled together, providing thermal insulation, moisture resistance, and airtightness. These chambers are quick to build, aesthetically pleasing, but slightly more expensive. They are currently the most commonly used type for newly built modified atmosphere chambers both domestically and internationally. Modified atmosphere chambers employ specialized airtight doors that must have good thermal insulation and airtightness. Additionally, during long-term storage after sealing the chamber door, it is generally not allowed to open the airtight door casually, as this could cause gas exchange between inside and outside the chamber, leading to fluctuations in gas composition. To facilitate monitoring the status of fruits and vegetables stored in the chamber, observation windows should be provided. After completion of the chamber, an airtightness test must be conducted. The airtightness should reach 300 Pa, with a half-pressure drop time of no less than 20–30 minutes. 3. Modified Atmosphere System To ensure that the modified atmosphere storage chamber achieves the required gas composition and maintains relative stability, in addition to having an airtight chamber body that meets the requirements, it must also have a corresponding system consisting of gas regulation equipment, pipelines, and valves—the modified atmosphere system. The entire system includes an oxygen removal device or nitrogen generation system, a carbon dioxide removal system, an ethylene removal system, and an automatic control system for monitoring and regulating temperature, humidity, and gas composition. 1. Oxygen Removal Device: This is currently the most advanced oxygen-reduction equipment for modified atmosphere storage chambers. Its working principle involves circulating oxygen removal using a fan operating at pressures below 24 kPa, followed by vacuum pump desorption and activation. The motor uses variable-frequency speed control technology. This technology is often mistakenly thought of as VSA nitrogen generation. The biggest difference between the oxygen removal device and a VSA nitrogen generator is that the VSA nitrogen generator still uses compressed air as its power source (albeit at lower pressure). Such an oil-containing gas source can still lead to failure of the VSA nitrogen generator's raw materials, whereas the oxygen removal device uses an oil-free micro-pressure fan, eliminating the risk of oil contamination in the raw materials. Its circulating airflow is more than five times greater than that of a VSA nitrogen generator. This oxygen removal device is 40% more efficient than membrane nitrogen generators and PSA nitrogen generators, and 30% more efficient than VSA nitrogen generators. It saves 40% energy compared to other nitrogen generators. Currently, only a few companies in Italy and Germany master the oxygen removal device technology. In China, only Tianjin Jiesheng Company has achieved a technological breakthrough in oxygen removal devices, whose oxygen removal capacity is even slightly higher than foreign brands. Their technology is relatively mature and widely used in numerous modified atmosphere storage chambers. 2. Nitrogen Generation System: Nitrogen generators have generally gone through a development process—from catalytic combustion nitrogen generation to carbon molecular sieve adsorption nitrogen generation, hollow fiber membrane separation nitrogen generation, and vacuum low-pressure adsorption oxygen removal nitrogen generation (VSA). Currently, carbon molecular sieves, hollow fiber membrane separation nitrogen generation, and VSA nitrogen generation are widely adopted. 2.1 Carbon Molecular Sieve Adsorption Nitrogen Generator: Carbon molecular sieve nitrogen generation operates on the principle of pressure swing adsorption. Since oxygen molecules and nitrogen molecules have different kinetic diameters, oxygen molecules diffuse hundreds of times faster than nitrogen molecules. Moreover, the amount adsorbed is directly proportional to pressure. Taking advantage of the significant difference in adsorption rates between oxygen and nitrogen over a short period, a program controller rapidly switches between two towers according to a specific timing sequence, combining pressurized oxygen adsorption and depressurized oxygen desorption to separate oxygen from the air. Carbon molecular sieve nitrogen generators have the advantages of high nitrogen purity (up to 99.9%), simple equipment, and low cost. However, the equipment contains many valves that switch frequently—each valve needs to be opened and closed 200,000 to 400,000 times per year—and the equipment generates considerable noise. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the quality of the valves; otherwise, the reliability of the equipment will be affected. 2.2 Hollow Fiber Membrane Separation Nitrogen Generator: Hollow fiber membrane separation nitrogen generation utilizes the difference in permeation rates of oxygen and nitrogen through the walls of hollow fiber membranes to separate oxygen from the air. Hollow fiber membrane nitrogen generators are currently the most widely used equipment for modified atmosphere storage. They consist of a compressor, storage tank, refrigerant dryer, filter, heater, hollow fiber membranes, pipes, and valves. They have the following features: (1) Simple equipment, small footprint, and easy installation; (2) Only need to start the air compressor to obtain nitrogen-rich air; (3) Concentration can be adjusted between 95% and 99%, offering flexible use and allowing quick start-up and shutdown; (4) Safe and reliable, with no moving parts in the separator, enabling continuous and stable operation; (5) No phase change during separation, no pressure loss, and low energy consumption; (6) Easy to miniaturize; (7) Low investment. 2.3 Vacuum Low-Pressure Adsorption Oxygen Removal Nitrogen Generator: This nitrogen generator uses the principle of CMS activated carbon adsorption and regeneration to adsorb atmospheric O2 and inject high-purity nitrogen into the chamber. It consists of two tanks filled with CMS activated carbon, a pump group, valves, piping, and a control unit. It has the following features: (1) Operates at low pressure (0.8 bar), saving about 80% energy compared to PSA and membrane nitrogen generators with similar performance; (2) Improves oxygen removal efficiency by more than 30%, enabling control of oxygen content in the modified atmosphere chamber below 1%, even reaching as low as 0.3%; (3) Low maintenance costs. Stable and reliable. The main activated carbon adsorption module in the equipment has a lifespan of over 2–3 years; (4) Works more effectively when combined with the chamber’s leak-proof system to prevent gas leakage; (5) Internal gas circulation within the modified atmosphere chamber, further reducing operating costs. 3. Carbon Dioxide Removal System: Primarily used to control the carbon dioxide content in modified atmosphere storage chambers. Relying entirely on the carbon dioxide released during the respiration of fruits and vegetables, the system increases the carbon dioxide concentration within the chamber. An appropriate level of carbon dioxide provides protective effects for fruits and vegetables, ensuring good preservation results. However, excessively high carbon dioxide concentrations can harm fruits and vegetables. Therefore, removing (washing) excess carbon dioxide and carefully regulating and controlling the carbon dioxide concentration are critical for improving the quality of fruit and vegetable storage. Common carbon dioxide removal devices generally come in four forms: (1) Quicklime removal device; (2) Water scrubbing device; (3) Activated carbon removal device; (4) Silicone rubber membrane removal device. The activated carbon removal device uses activated carbon’s strong adsorption capacity to absorb carbon dioxide. After saturation, fresh air is blown through to desorb the activated carbon and restore its adsorption performance. This is currently the most widely used device for carbon dioxide removal in modified atmosphere storage chambers. The carbon dioxide removal system’s capacity should be determined based on the respiratory intensity of the stored fruits and vegetables, the free gas volume within the chamber, the storage capacity of the chamber, and the target carbon dioxide concentration required within the chamber.4. Ethylene Removal System Ethylene is a gas naturally produced and released by fruits and vegetables during ripening and post-ripening. It acts as a plant hormone that promotes respiration and accelerates post-ripening, thereby hastening the ripening of harvested fruits during storage. In the storage of ethylene-sensitive fruits, it is essential to remove ethylene. Therefore, fruit and vegetable storage facilities must not only inhibit ethylene production but also prevent ethylene accumulation within the storage environment. Currently, the two most commonly used and relatively effective methods are the potassium permanganate chemical ethylene removal method and the air oxidation removal method. The chemical ethylene removal method involves filling cleaning devices with an ethylene-absorbing agent. A common ethylene-absorbing agent is saturated potassium permanganate solution adsorbed onto porous materials such as crushed bricks, vermiculite, or zeolite molecular sieves. When ethylene comes into contact with potassium permanganate, it is oxidized and removed. This method is simple and extremely low-cost; however, its ethylene removal efficiency is relatively low, and potassium permanganate, being a strong oxidizing agent, can cause skin irritation. Currently, the air oxidation removal method utilizes the principle that ethylene reacts with oxygen under catalytic conditions and at high temperatures to produce carbon dioxide and water, thereby removing ethylene. Compared to the potassium permanganate method, this approach has higher initial investment costs. Nevertheless, it is widely accepted due to the following significant advantages: (1) High ethylene removal efficiency—up to 99% of the ethylene content in the storage atmosphere can be eliminated, allowing the ethylene concentration inside the storage room to be controlled within 1–5 μL/L; (2) Reduced incidence of fruit mold—while removing ethylene, this method also provides high-temperature sterilization and disinfection of the storage atmosphere; (3) Multi-functionality—a single device can remove ethylene while simultaneously eliminating aromatic gases released by fruits, thus mitigating the adverse effects of these gases on fruit ripening. Note: Except for ethylene-sensitive fruits (primarily subtropical and tropical fruits such as kiwifruit and bananas), temperate fruits like apples and pears do not require ethylene removal equipment. Currently, the more advanced ozone-based ethylene removal technology is gradually replacing high-temperature catalytic ethylene removal systems. The greatest advantage of this ozone-based technology is that it operates at low temperatures without causing fluctuations in storage temperature. Moreover, its power consumption is only 500 watts, which is one-hundredth of the energy consumption of high-temperature catalytic ethylene removal systems. The automatic detection and control system plays a crucial role in controlled-atmosphere storage facilities. Its main functions include real-time monitoring and display of temperature, humidity, O2, and CO2 levels inside the controlled-atmosphere chamber, ensuring compliance with the technical specifications for controlled-atmosphere storage. The system also performs automatic (or manual) adjustments to maintain optimal controlled-atmosphere parameters. In modern, highly automated controlled-atmosphere storage facilities, automatic detection and control equipment is typically employed. Such systems consist of sensors (for temperature, humidity, O2, and CO2), controllers, computers, sampling tubes, valves, and other components. The entire system is managed by a central computer that enables remote, real-time monitoring. The central computer can acquire data on O2, CO2, temperature, and humidity from individual sub-compartments, display operational curves, automatically print records, and start or stop various systems. Additionally, the central computer can adjust control parameters in real time according to the specific conditions of the stored products. The central computer features a Windows interface, making it easy and intuitive for operators to access all relevant information. 6. Refrigeration System The refrigeration system is a closed-loop system comprising the machinery and equipment necessary for mechanical refrigeration, as well as the pipes, valves, and control components connecting these machines and equipment. The refrigeration system of a controlled-atmosphere storage facility is essentially similar to that of a conventional cold storage facility. However, the refrigeration system of a controlled-atmosphere storage facility boasts higher reliability, greater automation, and the ability to maintain the required storage temperature over extended periods during fruit and vegetable controlled-atmosphere storage. Typically, ammonia refrigeration systems or single-stage fluorocarbon compression direct-expansion liquid supply refrigeration systems are employed. 7. Humidification System Compared to conventional fruit and vegetable fresh-storage cold storage facilities, controlled-atmosphere storage requires maintaining optimal relative humidity within the storage environment to extend the storage period and reduce moisture evaporation from fruits and vegetables. By minimizing the vapor pressure difference between the storage environment and the stored produce, the humidification system ensures that the relative humidity remains at the ideal level, which is critical for reducing moisture loss and preserving the crispness and freshness of the produce. Generally, the relative humidity inside the storage room should ideally be maintained between 90% and 95%. Common humidification methods used in controlled-atmosphere storage facilities include: (1) Floor-water humidification; (2) Water injection into the base of cooling fans; (3) Spray humidification; (4) Centrifugal atomization humidification; (5) Ultrasonic atomization humidification. 8. Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Pressure Balancing System In the structural design of controlled-atmosphere fresh-storage cold storage facilities, safety considerations are also crucial. Since a controlled-atmosphere storage facility is a sealed cold storage space, when the storage temperature drops, the gas pressure inside the facility also decreases, creating a pressure differential between the inside and outside of the facility. According to available data, for every 1°C temperature difference between the inside and outside of the facility, atmospheric pressure exerts a force of 40 Pa on the enclosure structure. The greater the temperature difference, the larger the pressure differential. If this pressure differential is not promptly relieved or kept within a certain range, it could lead to damage to the storage facility’s structure. To ensure the safety and airtightness of the controlled-atmosphere storage facility and to provide convenient operating conditions for facility management, a pressure-balancing system must be installed in the facility.

Construction of Quick-Freezing Cold Storage Facilities

隐藏域元素占位

The temperature range for quick-freezing warehouse construction is between -15℃ and -35℃, and it is primarily used for the rapid freezing of food, pharmaceuticals, and chemical raw materials. What are the functions of constructing a quick-freezing warehouse? Quick-freezing warehouses are typically designed in conjunction with low-temperature cold storage facilities and ultra-low-temperature cold storage facilities. Rapid freezing reduces the temperature of stored items below the range at which microorganisms remain active, thereby inhibiting microbial growth and biochemical reactions. Simply put, the purpose of constructing a low-temperature quick-freezing warehouse is to rapidly freeze stored goods and inhibit various chemical and biological reactions occurring within them. 20140722163928-453607722 What are the characteristics of constructing a quick-freezing warehouse? 1. It employs the most advanced refrigeration technology and insulation panel manufacturing techniques. 2. With perfect engineering design, advanced production processes, and stringent quality assurance management, every stage of production is rigorously controlled, ensuring that user requirements are fully realized. 3. The thickness of the warehouse panels generally ranges from 150mm to 200mm, with polyurethane insulation material filling the interior space. Both sides are covered with coated color-coated steel sheets or stainless steel sheets; the surface of the color-coated steel sheets is processed into invisible grooves. These panels are lightweight yet highly durable, offer excellent thermal insulation, are corrosion-resistant, and exhibit outstanding aging resistance. Moreover, they are easy and quick to assemble, making them one of the best materials for insulating cold storage structures. 4. The cold storage facility is equipped with an advanced microcomputer control system and cutting-edge control methods. A liquid crystal display shows the internal temperature, start-up time, defrosting time, fan delay time, alarm indications, and various technical parameters. The operation is simple and extremely user-friendly. 5. All major components of the cold storage facility are sourced from internationally renowned brands, ensuring that the facility features a rational configuration, stable operation, excellent thermal insulation, low energy consumption, and superior quality. 6. The external dimensions of the cold storage facility, the set temperature, the placement of the refrigeration units, the design of the door opening, and the internal layout—all these can be custom-designed according to specific user requirements, maximizing satisfaction of user needs.

< 1...8910...19 >

Provide consumers with more solutions.


Copyright © Beijing Capni Technology Co., Ltd.

Business license